Researchers are modifying the DNA of corn seeds to reduce pollution and dependence on fertilizer .

In a novel approach to stemming agriculture's contribution to climate change, researchers are altering bacterial DNA, so that corn seeds require less chemical fertilizer to thrive, reports Eric Lipton of The New York Times. "Globally, the manufacture, transportation, and use of chemical fertilizer is responsible for pollution with the equivalent planet-warming power of about 1 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide each year. That’s more than the combined releases from all the coal-burning power plants in the U.S."

Research on genetically modified bacteria that is sprayed on corn seeds and then planted in the U.S. corn belt is ongoing. If successful, it could revolutionize how plantings are nourished throughout their growth cycle while helping reduce carbon emissions. Lipton writes, "Just five years after they were introduced, the seeds are being used on 5% of American corn crops."

The sprayed seeds are produced by Pivot Bio, a California-based company, which "estimates that last year, its treated seeds prevented the release of an estimated 706,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent — comparable to the greenhouse gasses from burning 1.5 million barrels of oil," Lipton reports. "But it’s also producing intense pushback."

The alteration of bacteria and its application to corn seeds has some organic farming groups up in arms and "manufacturers of chemical fertilizer are also raising doubts about the new industry player," Lipton adds. "Pivot’s own advisers concede there are unanswered questions." David Kanter, a Pivot adviser who teaches environmental studies at New York University, told Lipton, "We have rarely created a solution to an environmental problem that doesn’t create other unforeseen consequences down the line."

Meanwhile, other companies are creating their own hubs of fertilizer-replacement research. "The goal is to supplant as much as half the fertilizer used today," Lipton reports. "Companies, including Ginkgo Bioworks and BioConsortia, are developing their own versions. Academics at M.I.T. and other universities are trying to make further advances. . . . At this point, scientists don’t believe they can completely eliminate the need for chemical fertilizer."